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Functions : High Courts perform two types of functions: (a) Judicial, (b) Administrative. Regarding judicial functions, a High Court has original, appellate and revisory jurisdiction.
Judicial Functions: A State High Court has original jurisdiction with respect to revenue and its collection. It enjoys original jurisdiction with Supreme Court regarding the enforcement of fundamental rights (Article 226). It-can issue writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, certiorari, prohibition, etc., for the enforcement of fundamental rights and for any other purpose to any authority or person of the Government within its territorial jurisdiction. The High Courts of Presidency towns—Calcutta, Madras and Bombay—have original jurisdiction in almost every civil or criminal matter. They can withdraw a case from a subordinate court and try it themselves. All High Courts have appellate jurisdiction in all types of cases against the decision of ' lower courts in the States concerned. Every High Court is a court of record. Its proceedings and decisions are referred to in all future cases. It has the power to punish for contempt of itself.
Administrative Functions: A High Court stands at the apex of the judicial system in a State. It supervises the working of all subordinate courts and frames rules and regulations for the transaction of business (Article 227). It can also examine the records of its subordinate courts. However, it dos not have any power of superintendence over any court or tribunal constituted under any military law.
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